Malaysia
Malaysia has transformed itself from a raw materials producer in the 1970's into an emerging multi-sector economy. 2003 saw Malaysia increase its economy by adding investments in pharmaceuticals, medical technology, and high technology industries to its existing value-added production chain. According to McKinsey Global Institute's Emerging Global Market Survey Study in 2005, Malaysia ranked high as an "enabling business environment”, and its economy is mostly driven by services that run ahead of other markets, particularly in India, China, Poland, and the Philippines. In June 2010, the government introduced the Tenth Malaysia Plan. It aims to create new reforms to the service sector to attract more direct foreign investment.
The outsourcing industry in Malaysia has grown due to government support, industry expertise in BFSI, domain knowledge, and oil & gas logistics. Its multi-cultural and multi-lingual strengths have also attracted business companies from Asian markets, South East Asia, and the Middle East. Major strides have taken place in the industry, including the inclusion of five Malaysian outsourcing companies in the Global Services 100 list, a capabilities-driven assessment of IT/ IT enabled service providers globally.
In order to increase foreign investment, the current political administration is looking to revise policies enacted under the New Economy Policy of 1970, which would supplement the decrease on exported consumer goods during the slowing global economy.
Country overview
Malaysia is recognized as a newly industrialized country. Its GDP per capita in 2008 was US $14,225, which makes it the 48th country with the highest GDP per capita and second in Southeast Asia (after Singapore).
During the late 18th and 19th centuries Malaysia was established and occupied by Great Britain, later to be occupied by Japan during the Second World War. The British-ruled territory, located on the Malay Peninsula, became independent in 1957 leading way to Malaysia its formal foundation in 1963 when British Singapore and the East Malaysian states to the north joined the Federation (Singapore withdrew just two years later). For twenty-two years Malaysia was under the rule of Prime Minister Mahathir bin Mohamad, during which the nation cultivated a successful economy, diversifying from one which relied on export of raw materials to an economy that expanded to include manufacturing, business services and tourism. Which each successive Prime Minister, Malaysia has sustained these pro-business policies.
Located in Southeast Asia, Malaysia is ranked 65 in the world by landmass, sized just larger than Mexico. Its population is nearly 29 million, ranked forty-three globally. Sixty-five percent of the population is between the ages of 15-64, and the population is growing at a rate of 1.576%.
The cost of living as a percentage to total net income for every person is approximately 27% lower than the cost of living in the Philippines and India, particularly in Noida, Mumbai, Bangalore, Manila, and Kuala Lumpur. Its GDP measured by current exchange rates is $209.8 billion and $381.1 billion when calculated using the purchasing power parity. Efforts are being taken to lessen the country's dependence on exports while strengthening its well-developed regulatory regime and foreign exchange reserves that act as buffers to the global financial crisis.
Source: CIA Factbook, 2009
Source: World Bank, 2009
Source: World Bank, 2009
Source: World Bank, 2009
Source: World Bank, 2009
Cost competitiveness
Outsourcing to Malaysia can provide tremendous savings. Wages are significantly lower with pay scales up to seventy-five percent lower than comparable US rates. The widespread use of English and English-derivative language help to make Malaysia an ideal environment to operate outsourcing services.
Employee compensation
Employee compensation is generally the greatest cost for any outsourcing operation – whether it is technology administration or human resources or customer services. A typical outsourcing project will include a number of junior resources, some high-skilled senior managers and oversight project management. The greatest cost benefit is usually obtained through junior resources – for example, a software engineer/developer with 1-4 years of experience in Malaysia is just 21 percent of that in the United States with a median pay scale of 312,345 Malaysian Ringgits or $6,950 US dollars.
Senior, more experienced resources are fewer, thus dropping the cost savings for American business. Senior software engineers/web developers earn about 30% of their US counterparts, with an average pay of 88,590 Ringgits or $29,256 US dollars. IT Project Managers with 10-20 years experience earn on average 37% of US salaries at $38,516 US.
Salaries in the BPO sector offer comparable savings, with junior resources earning just 19% of US salaries, and the more skilled resources earning $34 of their US counterparts.
Source: PayScale, SourcingLine, February 2010
Source: PayScale, Sourcingline, March 2010
Source: PayScale, Sourcingline, March 2010
Source: PayScale, Sourcingline, March 2010
Source: PayScale, Sourcingline, March 2010
Source: PayScale, Sourcingline, March 2010
Source: PayScale, Sourcingline, March 2010
Source: PayScale, Sourcingline, March 2010
Source: KPMG, October 2009
Source: KPMG, October 2009
Source: Doing Business (World Bank), 2010
Resources and skills
Malaysia is still exploring its niche, although it has already established itself as a credible outsourcing destination in the world. Its own Silicon Valley named "The Multimedia Super Corridor" is gaining momentum, with a workforce size noticeably smaller than that of India. To this date, Malaysia has around 40,000 outsourcing employees compared to the 1.5 million workers employed in India.
Workforce and offshore outsourcing sector size
Malaysia has a booming service sector, shifting from its production-based economy to a rapidly expanding economy dependent on education and service. Malaysia benefits from its strategic location, its global integration, and its well-educated workforce. Although India is the leading nation for supplying outsourcing services, Malaysia is on the second tier of outsourcing nations with countries like China and The Philippines.
Education and training
Education and training are given high priority in Malaysia's five-year development. There are 20 public and 18 private universities as well as 500 colleges, industrial training institutes, and polytechnics in the country, and they offer courses which lead to certificate, diploma, degree, and post-graduate degree qualifications. Its literacy rate is 91.9% compared to the Philippines and China’s 93%.
Language
Malaysia had abandoned a program that taught only English in state schools, primarily for math and science. Intended to create a competitive global workforce, it was unsuccessful because Malaysia’s schools lacked teachers able to effectively teach in English. That said, English is still spoken in the business sector in Malaysia.
Source: CIA Factbook, 2009
Source: IMF, 2008
Source: IMF, 2008
Source: UNESCO, 2009
Source: UNESCO, 2009
Source: UNESCO, 2009
Source: UNESCO, NASSCOM, SourcingLine, 2009
Source: UNESCO, 2009
Source: International Telecommunications Union, 2009
Source: International Telecommunications Union, 2009
Business and economic environment
Economic competitiveness and stability
Malaysia’s economic competitiveness is above average, scoring a 4.88 on the GCI index. Macro economic stability is also high with a 5.0 index, scoring higher than India (4.5), the Philippines (4.6) and Thailand (4.9).
Infrastructure
A nation’s infrastructure is a major component in deciding where to set up sourcing projects. Malaysia’s infrastructure scores are among the highest in the world, with both road quality and electric supply achieving a 5.7 index – tying the US for roads and Thailand for electric supply.
Regulation
Doing business in Malaysia is ranked twenty-first globally. It typically takes seventeen days to register a start-up company, and filing and paying taxes will take an average 145 days, far below many competing nations’ requirements.
Corruption
Corruption, or its perception of, can be a major factor for foreign investors and their decisions on where to establishing outsourcing operations. Malaysia scores a 4.4 index for its corruption perception, comparable to the Czech Republic, South Africa, and Latvia.
Legal and intellectual property protection
Contract enforcement in Malaysia consists of 30 procedures, typically lasting 585 days. The average cost of contract enforcement is 28 percent of the total contract value. Intellectual property protections score a 4.7 index, higher than many competing outsourcing locations. Software piracy is moderate to high at 58 percent – the US is just 20 percent.
Source: The Global Competitiveness Report, 2009
Source: The Global Competitiveness Report, 2009
Source: The Global Competitiveness Report, 2009
Source: The Global Competitiveness Report, 2009
Source: International Telecommunications Union, 2009
Source: Doing Business (World Bank), 2010
Source: Doing Business (World Bank), 2010
Source: Doing Business (World Bank), 2010
Source: Doing Business (World Bank), 2010
Source: Doing Business (World Bank), 2010
Source: Transparency International, 2009
Source: Doing Business (World Bank), 2010
Source: Doing Business (World Bank), 2010
Source: Doing Business (World Bank), 2010
Source: The Global Competitiveness Report, 2009
Source: BSE-IDC Global Software Piracy Study, 2009